首先,要注意审题,即“三审”:审体裁,审人称,审时态。
其次,考生要对写什么(作文内容或要点),写几段、每段写多少比例,怎么写(行文和语言),在头脑里有个清晰的思路。
很多考生动笔就写,发现错误后,不得不进行修改。由于不准使用涂改液和胶带,致使卷面多处涂改,严重影响卷面整洁,也影响了考生的实际成绩。
再次,考生应该从遣词造句角度多下工夫。
从词语上,尽可能运用已经学过的且比较熟悉的词组、短语或成语;从句式上,力求变换各种句式,如强调句、倒装句、各种从句和固定句型等,长句和短句交错使用;英语和汉语中都有一词多义的现象,写作时同样的意思,考生应该尽可能用多种方法翻译,找出一个最佳表达。但考生切不可片面追求花哨文字,拼凑一些错误百出的英语词句,使自己的成绩大打折扣。例如:1.He came here at 5 p.m. yesterday.(一般) 2.He did not come here until 5 p.m. yesterday.(否定) 3.Not until/till 5 p.m. did he come here yesterday.(倒装) 4.It was not until/till 5 p.m. that he came here yesterday.(强调句)
最后,行文连贯是阅卷教师比较看重的一个方面。
为使文章结构严密,增强说服力和感染力,考生应在句与句之间,恰当地使用一些过渡性词语,常见的有:(列举)for example、for instance、that is to say;(补充)besides、in addition、moreover;(对比)on the other hand、in spite of;(原因)because of、thanks to、due to、owing to;(结果)therefore、thus、as a result、so;(结论)to conclude、in a word、in brief、to sum up;(转折)however、nevertheless、yet……
另外,考生很容易出现句与句之间不使用连接词的错误,这是英语写作中的大忌。
例如:We are good friends,we should help each other. 本句可以改为:We are good friends,and we should help each other.(并列连词) As we are good friends,we should help each other.(从属连词) Being good friends,we should help each other.(非谓语动词)
典型议论文一般要有topic sentence以及连接词来说明理由、陈述想法、列举措施等。常用连接词如:first, second, last but not least; to begin with, furthermore; for one thing, for another, on one hand, on the other hand……例如:In my opinion, I prefer traveling by train rather than by plane. For one thing, a train ticket is much cheaper than a plane ticket.For another, you can enjoy the beautiful views outside the train window. Above all, it's safer traveling on a train than traveling in a plane. In a word, I will always travel by train if I'm not in a great hurry.
写完作文,考生应读两遍,认真检查是否有拼写、时态、语态方面的错误,是否存在中式英语等。特别提醒,务必注意书写清楚、规范。《考试说明》中的写作评分标准规定,“如书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一个档次(5分)”。
位育中学 高级教师 陈曙光